Differential gearing



Au 2T1, 1923. 1,465,469

, n. A. FLYNN DIFFERENTIAL Gmnme Filed July 12, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 21, m3.

D. A. FLYNN DIFFERENTIAL GEARING Filed July 12 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 4 i I 1mm l 31 Aug. 21, 1923. 11,465,469 I D. A. FLYNN DIFFERENTIAL GEARING Filed July 12. 1922 4 Sheets$heec 5 Aug. 21, m3. 1,465,469

D. A. FLYNN DIFFERENTIAL GEARING Filed July 12 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 ing, particularly adapted for use connejcpinions.

few Darts sirn ale stron and durable 'con the master ear 11) I the throu h bolts 8 so L 7 7 {37 J b less of the trac'tive adhesion ofthe wheels thereto axle gears 12 and 13, respectively.

The invention cornprehends'the-novel genoi the axle gears 12, 18, "and the heads 7, are

and, also certain improved means cooperathubs 14, 15, and it is-not essential to my ininn with the-gears set forth. 7 g vention just how the anti-friction bearings The invention also comprises those pa'rare arranged for the hubs 14, l5,'axles 9, 10, S

tieular elements and combinations embodied and hubs 7 in the torin of the invention which is de- The gears 12, 13, are oi-the same number scribed in detail hereinafter and disclosed in of teeth and diameter, and it isthroug'hthese the accompanyingdrawings. gears that the driving power is transinitted In the drawings: to the axles 9, 10, and from them to the 90 Figure l is a side elevation taken onthe ground wheels of the car. 7

line 1-1, Fig. 3, certain parts being re- Journaled in the arosha'ped slots 5 and moved and others brokenaway to disclose also adapted for bodily shifting in said slots parts being omitted; and

: a A Aug, 23-1.; 1223. 5i

DANIEL a. rnYNrr, or raneraanrosvrnnn, NEW Yemen,

nInrnnniirIa-L GEARING.

Application nee-Jul is, 1922. Serial No. 574,384.

To all'whom z't'may concern: V 'erally arranged gear teeth-20f spur, spiral,

Be it known that T, DANIEL A. F Y-Nit, a or worm type and is open at its center as citizen of the United ta'tes, residing at shown at 3 for the accommodation of the axle Mechanicsville, in the county of Saratoga gears and also isrecessed on its opposite sides 5 State of New York, have invented ceras shown at 1 for the pivotal mounting of the tain new and useful Improvements in Difdogs and the dog gears, there being arct'erential Gearings, of which the following isshaped slots 5, extending clear through the 6 a specification. r web of the axle gear 1, for the acconiinoda- This inven'tion relates to differential geartion and play of the axles of the dog gears or tion with the driving aides of an automobile The hubs 6 01" the master-gear 1 bywhich or truck. 5 j it is mounted in'suitable bearings, not shown, 6 The object of my invention is the provi in the axle housing, form a part of the sion of an improved"differential gearing or flanged heads 7 whichare rigidly bolted to struction, arranged to withstandthe strains that the master ear 1 and the heads 7 conand stresses to which a gearingot this charstitute a unitary'structure. V aeter is subject, which will apply the 'driv- Theaxles 9 and 10 have squared ends 11,01" in'g power to both of the axle shaits regardmay be provided with splines for securing of the automobile or truck and will also The ge rs m l c e i11$ile of he perform all of the "usual differential funchollow center 3 and are free to turn therein. 7 tiohs demanded of a differential gearing The axles 9, 10, have suitable bearings, used-on an automobile ortrucl z. usual. Tnterp'osed be'tweenthe hubs 14: 1 5,

eral combination of gears, dogs, and dogsuitable anti-friction bearings '1'6,*the heads operating rings or disks of which an ez-iarn- 7 being counter-bored toreceive the bearings. ple is hereinafter described and, further, the T ie bearings 16 may be arranged for taking novel combination -of doggear and dogs upend thrust as well as for mounting the the construction. lengthwise thereof are the axles 17, 18, which Fig. 2 is a side elevation on the line 2+2, carrythe dog gearsor pinions19, 20, which Fig. 3, certain parts being removed. are constantly in mesh with the pinions 12 Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section and 13,1'espectively. The dog pin'i'onsl9,20, through the gearing, the axle gears dog constitute the means for transmitting from gears, shafts, and certain otherparts being in the master gear 1 to the axle gears 12, 13, the full lines. driving power required for 'theaxles 9, 10.

Fig. dis aside elevation of themas'te'r gear The position of the dog gears 19, 20, will alone, the dogsgears, axle gears, and other vary, accordingto tractiverequirements iinj a posed by the axles 9, l0, onthe 'aXle gears 12, Fig. 5 is a detail section on line 55, 13, 'as will appear hereinafter. Fig'.- i There aretwo-floating ringsfZl, 22, which The master gear 1 is -1'7r0"vided with 'er-iph have a rc shapeslots 23, Fig. '1 eorre'spcnding to the arc-shape slots 5 in the master gear 1 for the accommodation of the axles 17, 18, of the dog gears 19,20.

The master gear 1 is provided on one side with nearly complete circular pockets 24' each dog, said teeth being adapted to engage the dog gears or pinions 1.9, 20, and. lock sa1d pmions against rotation according to the position of the dog pinions, it being understood that-only one dog is engaged with a dog pinion at a given time.

The dogs 25, 26, and 28, 29, are simul taneously actuated toward or away from each other by the shifting of the rings 21, 22. The rings 21, 22, are rigidly coupled together by spacers 30 which extend through short slots 31 running entirely through the master gear 1 and having their shoulder ends clamped rigidly against the rings 21, 22 by screws 32.

Suitable springs 34 which are secured to the master gear 1, project into the slots 31 and bear against the spacers 30 toplace the rings 21, 22, under tension to hold the spacers 30 in the end of the slots 31 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Suitable operative connections are provided between the dogs 25, 26, 28,29, and the rings 21, 22, for the purpose of simultaneously moving said dogs when the rings are shifted. These connections may be pin and slot connections 35 of which one is shown in Fig. 1. As shown these connections comprise radial slots in the rings 21, 22 and pins 36 carried by the dogs 25, 26, 28, 29. The tendency of the springs 34 is to so actuate the coupled rings 21, 22, that the dogs 25, 26, will normally be moved toward each other and the dogs 28, 29, will be moved toward each other.

' For the purpose of maintaining the dog gears 19, 20, in engagement with the partic ular dog with which they have become engaged, according to conditions, there is provided a retaining mechanism which is shown in Figs. 1 and 3 which may be ar ranged in recesses 37 provided in the rings 21, 22, or in the heads 7. These recesses are shown provided in the heads 7. A bell crank latch 38, which is pivoted at 39, has one of its legs 40 hearing on the axle 17 (or 18) and its other legengaged by a leaf spring 41 which is secured at 42 and bears against the stop 43. Different positions of the-dog gear axle and of the bell crank retainer 40'are shown in Fig. 1.- A pair of gagement with their respective axle gears 12 and 13 and each is adapted to assume any 7 one of the three positions representing ahead, neutral, and reverse? When f power is applied to the master gear 1, the dogs 25 and 29, or 26 and 28, engage with the dog gears 19 and 2O,'and the latter always being in meshwiththe axle gears 12 and 13, the dog gears 19 and 20 are locked and hence cannot rotate with their axles 17 and 18 and, consequently, there is a locked relationship between the master gear 1 and the axle gears 12 and 13 so. that the axle gears rotate as a unitwith the'master gear. at

the same speed. If, however, onewheel of the automobile or truck has occasion to revolve faster than the master gear 1,.it will cause the axle gear (12 or 13) carried by the axle of said wheel, to rotate the given dog gear (19 or 20) and force the givendog gear along the length of the slot 5, perm'itting it to idle or rotate on its own axle (1'1- or 18), thus effecting a differential action. During this operation the dogs remain in their former position because the other dog gear -(19 or 20) is continuing to apply power from the master gear to the axle gear for the other wheel of the automobile or truck. When both axle gears 12 and 13 rotate faster than the master gear 1, bothdog gears 19 and 20 are forced into neutral position. This permits the springs 34 to rotate the rings 21 and 22 and brings the proper dogs (25 and 29 or 26 and 28) into engagement with the respective gears19-and 20, whereupon the master gear 1 and the axle gears 12 and 13 rotate at the vsamespeed. When the engine is reversed, the s'ame functions will beperformed, in reverse order, except when a differential action takes place.

The bell crank retainers 38 prevent the opposite dog from engaging the dog gear when a differential action 1s taking place but when both dog gears 19 and 20 are in new tral position, the bell-cranks 38 are forced to turn and come tothe opposite position. In brief, the bell crank retainers are held in either of two positions by-thesprings 41 which will not interfere with a differential action being performed in connection with either axle gear and will insure the application of power for turning both wheels of the automobile or truck at alltimes.

When a differential action is taking place, the bell crank tends to keep the dog gear in mesh with the dog but permitsthe gear to move it around a certain are so that the dog gear will turn. When both wheels rotate faster than theinaster gear, the springs 34: force ringsQl and 22 around,"caus'1ng the bell crank to assume aposi'tion in the reverse cranlr to the otherposition.

I claim: 1. In a differential gearing, the combination with a master gear, of dog gears car ried by, and bodily movable in relation to,

the master gear, pairs of dogs carried by the master gear, the members of each pair being adapted to independently cooperate with a given dog gear, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid.

2. In a differential gearing, the combination with a master gear, of dog gears carried by, and bodily movable in relation to, the master gear, pairs of dogs carried by the master gear, the members of each pair being adapted to independently cooperate with a given dog gear, means carried by the master gear and movable in relation thereto for simultaneously operating all of the dogs, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid.

3. In a differential gearing, the combination with a master gear, of dog gears carried by, and bodily movable in relation to, the master gear, pairs of dogs carried by the master gear. the members of each pair being adinated to independently cooperate with a given dog gear, means carried by the master gear and arranged for movement in relation thereto adapted for simultaneously operat ing all of the dogs, springs cooperating with the master gear and with said means whereby the connection between said means and said master gear is of a yielding nature, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid.

i. In a differential gearing, the combination with a master gear provided with socket-s or seats of general circular form, of dogs pivotally or rockably connected to the master gear by their engagement wit-l1 said seats, dog gears carried by the master gear and being adapted for movement in relation thereto so that said dogs may independently engage them, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid. 7

In a differential gearing. the combination with a master gear provided with sockets or seats of general circular form, of dogs pivotally or rockably connectedto the master gear by their engagement with said seats, dog gears carried by the master gear and bein adapted for movement in relation thereto so that said dogs may independently enthem, coupled members carried by the master gear and adapted for movement in relation thereto which are operatively connected to the dogs by pin andslot connections whereby all of the dogs are made to move"simultaneously, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid.

6. In a differential gearing, the combination with amas'tergear,ofpai-rs of dogspivotally mounted thereon, dog gears carried by the master gear and adapted for movement in relation thereto, said dog gears being adapted for independent engagement by different ones of the different dogs, coupled rings located on opposite sides of the master gear and carried thereby which are also adapted for limited rotation in relation to the master gear, operative connections between the rings and all of the dogs whereby all of said dogs are simultaneously operated by said rings, andindependent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid.

7. In a differential gearing, the combination with a master gear having slots, of dog gears having shafts slidable and rotatable in said slots, pivoted dogs carried by the master gear and arranged in pairs for the respective dog gears, said dog's being located so that they are adapted for independent engagement with a given dog gear, means carried by the master gear for effecting the shifting of the dogs, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid. I

8. In a differential gearing, the combina tion with a master gear having slots, of dog gears having shafts slidable and rotatable in said slots, pivoted dogs carried by the master gear and arranged in pairs for the respective dog gears, said dogs being located so that they are adapted for independent engagement with a given dog gear, coupled rings carried by the master gear which are adapted for limited yieldable relative rotationin relation thereto, said rings having slots to receive the shafts of the dog gears, said rings also having operative connections with the dogs whereby the dogs are simultaneously operated when said rings turn in relation to the master gear, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid.

9. In a differential gearing the combina tion with a master gear, of dog gears carried thereby which are adapted both to slide and to turn in relation to the master gear, pairs of dogs carried by the master gear, the members of which are adapted to independently engage the given dog gears, means for operating the dogs, automatically acting re tainers cooperating with the axles oi" the dog gears to hold them where set, and independent axle gears respectively meshing with the dog gears aforesaid.

10. In a differential gearing, the combination with a master gear. of dog gears carried thereby which are adapted both to slide and to turn in relation to the master gear, pairs oi clogs carried by the master gear, the members of which are'aclaptecl to independently engage the given clog gears, means for operating the dogs, lnclependent flop-over bell crank retainers cooperatlng with the shafts of the respective dog gears adapted to hold DANIEL ALFLYNs 

